Definition

The operational structure of contemporary art refers to the interconnected framework within which various sectors of the art world interact and circulate. This structure includes the creative domain centered around artists and their works, theoretical fields discussing their aesthetic values (such as aesthetics, art history, and criticism), exhibition spaces (museums, non-profit organizations, biennales), commercial spaces for distribution and sales (galleries, auctions, art fairs), and the realm of collections for possession or investment purposes.

History

Looking back at past art, it is evident that the ideologies, powers, and social characteristics of each era were reflected in art. This phenomenon was true for other arts as well, but never before has there been a time when the various sectors of the art world were as prominent as they are today. Especially since the 1980s, contemporary art has moved beyond traditional boundaries, leading to the specialization of each sector, fundamentally impacting the creation and existence of art.

Operational Structure

Looking back at past art, it is evident that the ideologies, powers, and social characteristics of each era were reflected in art. This phenomenon was true for other arts as well, but never before has there been a time when the various sectors of the art world were as prominent as they are today. Especially since the 1980s, contemporary art has moved beyond traditional boundaries, leading to the specialization of each sector, fundamentally impacting the creation and existence of art.

Key Characteristics of Contemporary Art

1. Specialization

Specialization in contemporary art refers to the independent and systematic differentiation of each sector, playing a crucial role in contemporary art trends. Before the 19th century, art was a limited realm enjoyed only by royalty and nobility. As fine art evolved into an independent domain, the status and role of the artist became distinct. However, post-World War II industrialization and the spread of popular culture meant that artworks no longer adhered strictly to traditional creation concepts. Artists began using ready-made products or items directly from factories, shifting the artist’s role closer to that of a producer or planner. Today, artists cannot leave a lasting mark in art history without the support of curators, critics, and dealers, a trend that will likely accelerate.

2. Commercialization 

Contemporary art has seen significant commercialization. Works are frequently sold for hundreds of millions at auctions like Sotheby’s and Christie’s. In the West, art has long been valued beyond collections as an investment tool, and China has even briefly led the global contemporary art market in scale. Historically, great art has emerged in nations with flourishing politics and economies. For instance, New York galleries like Gagosian and David Zwirner have annual revenues exceeding a trillion won, and art transactions through famous auctions reach tens of trillions of won. Thus, modern artists are heavily influenced by capital, using the art market as an infrastructure for survival and growth.

3. Internationalization 

The 21st century, marked by rapidly changing international dynamics and internet globalization, allows simultaneous exposure to global political, economic, cultural, and artistic shifts. The leading trends in contemporary art are still driven by cities in advanced nations like New York, Berlin, and London. In a post-capitalist, information society, those controlling capital and producing information lead the discourse.

The development of the internet and transportation has diversified art events globally, rapidly disseminating art from advanced nations. Additionally, marginalized groups and countries have started highlighting their issues through art, with vibrant discourse from the Third World. Strong Asian countries like China and South Korea are also active internationally, leveraging economic power, which will further invigorate international exchanges in contemporary art.
 
The operational structure of contemporary art is an interconnected framework of creation, theory, exhibition, commerce, and collection. This structure enables a virtuous cycle in the art world, with each sector’s experts playing pivotal roles. Contemporary art is expected to continue advancing through specialization, commercialization, and internationalization, enriching lives with its intellectual and aesthetic value.